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1. 词条基本信息- 单词:a
- 音标:
- 英式发音:/ə/(非重读) | /eɪ/(重读)
- 美式发音:/ə/(非重读) | /eɪ/(重读)
- 词性:冠词 (article)
- 词频等级:极高频词(★★★★★)
- 词源:
- 古英语(Old English,5-11 世纪):ān(意为「one」,源自原始日耳曼语 ainaz)。
- 中古英语(Middle English,12-15 世纪):an(作为不定冠词,辅音前简化为 a)。
- 近代英语(Early Modern English,16-18 世纪):确立「a」用于辅音音素前,「an」用于元音音素前的规则。
- 现代英语(Modern English,19 世纪至今):用法固定,成为英语中最常见的冠词之一。
- 近义词:an(用于元音音素开头的单词前)
- 反义词:the(定冠词,表示特指)
2. 词形变化- 过去式:不适用(冠词无时态变化)
- 过去分词:不适用(冠词无时态变化)
- 现在分词:不适用(冠词无进行时变化)
- 复数形式:不适用(冠词无复数形式)
- 比较级:不适用(冠词无级别变化)
- 最高级:不适用(冠词无级别变化)
3. 释义泛指单数可数名词,表示「一个」
- 例句:I saw a cat in the garden.
泛指某一类别
- 例句:A teacher should be patient with students.
表示职业、身份
表示单位、频率
用于感叹句
在固定搭配中的用法
- a lot of(许多,大量):There were a lot of people at the event.
- a few / a little(一些/一点):Can I have a little sugar?
4. 语法与用法何时使用「a」
- 用于辅音音素开头的单词前,例如:a car, a book, a dog。
- 用于拼写以元音字母开头但发音以辅音音素开头的单词前,例如:a university, a European country。
何时不能使用「a」
- 不可数名词前,例如:a water(错误),应为 some water。
- 复数名词前,例如:a apples(错误),应为 some apples。
何时可以省略「a」
- 固定搭配中通常省略,例如:
- go to bed(去睡觉),而非 go to a bed。
- be in school(在上学),而非 be in a school。
- at home(在家),而非 at a home。
5. 近义词 & 易混词辨析a vs. an
- a 用于辅音音素开头,例如:a book, a dog, a chair。
- an 用于元音音素开头,例如:an apple, an hour, an elephant。
a vs. one
- a 主要用于泛指,例如:I want a book.
- one 强调具体数量,例如:I want one book, not two.
6. 文化背景 & 典故- 在某些固定短语中,英语会省略「a」,例如 go to bed(而非 go to a bed)。
- 在英国英语中,非重读 a 发音为 /ə/,而在美式英语中,有时发 /eɪ/(如强调)。
7. 经典引文William Shakespeare – Hamlet
- “To be, or not to be, that is a question.”
Charles Dickens – A Tale of Two Cities
- “It was a far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done.”
Mark Twain – The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
- “Work consists of whatever a body is obliged to do, and play consists of whatever a body is not obliged to do.”
George Orwell – 1984
- “Perhaps one did not want to be loved so much as to be understood. It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen.”
J.R.R. Tolkien – The Lord of the Rings
- “Even the smallest person can change the course of history. One ring to rule them all, one ring to find them, one ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind them in the land of Mordor where the shadows lie.”
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